Gabatarwa
A wannan zamani na intanet damuke ciki, mutane da yawa suna amfani da shafukan yanar gizo wajen mu’amalar su na yau da kullum kamar su:
– siyayya a internet
– tura kudi ta bankin internet
– karatu,
– kasuwanci
– samun labarai da dai sauransu.
Sai dai, tare da wannan sauƙin, fake websites (shafukan bogi) sun ƙaru sosai. Mutane da dama suna rasa kuɗade, bayanan sirrikan su, ko kuma a saci accounts ɗinsu saboda sun shiga shafin da ba na gaskiya ba.
Yawancin fake websites suna kama da na gaske sosai, har ma wasu suna kwaikwayon manyan bankuna, kamfanoni, ko hukumomi. Saboda haka, sanin alamomin fake website ya zama wajibi ga kowa da ke amfani da intanet.
Wannan rubutu zai yi cikakken bayani kan:
Menene Fake Website?
Fake website shafi ne na yanar gizo da aka ƙirƙira domin yaudarar mutane. Ba shafi ne na gaskiya ko na halal ba, sai dai ana gina shi ne domin:
- satar bayanan sirri (password, PIN, OTP)
- ruɗar mutum ya aika kuɗi
- shigar da virus ko malware a waya/kwamfuta
Wasu fake websites suna kwaikwayon:
- shafukan banki
- shafukan siyayya
- shafukan gwamnati
- shafukan kamfanoni
Manufarsu ita ce ka ɗauka shafin gaskiya ne, ka shigar da bayananka ko ka bi umarninsu.
Dalilin da Yasa Fake Websites Suke Yawaita
Akwai dalilai da dama da suka sa fake websites ke ƙaruwa a wannan zamani:
1. Yawaitar Masu Amfani da Intanet
Yawan mutane a intanet yana ƙaruwa kullum, musamman sababbin masu amfani da ba su da cikakken ilimin tsaro.
2. Rashin Ilimin Tsaro
Mutane da yawa ba sa duba adireshin website ko tsarinsa kafin su shigar da bayanansu.
3. Sauƙin Ƙirƙirar Website
A yau, ana iya ƙirƙirar website cikin sauri ba tare da tsada mai yawa ba, wanda ke bai wa masu damfara dama.
Manyan Alamomin Fake Website (Cikakken Bayani)
1. Adireshin Website (URL) da Bai Dace Ba
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan alamomin fake website shi ne URL da aka yi masa canji kaɗan.
Misali:
- bankname-secure[dot]com
- bankname-ng[dot]online
maimakon adireshin gaskiya.
Wani lokaci ana ƙara:
- haruffa marasa amfani
- lambobi
- kalmomi kamar “secure”, “verify”, “login-now”
Idan URL ya ɗan banbanta da yadda ka saba gani, ka yi shakku.
2. Rashin HTTPS da Alamar Kulle (🔒)
Shafukan gaskiya da ke karɓar bayanai suna amfani da HTTPS.
Idan ka ga:
- babu HTTPS
- babu alamar kulle (🔒)
to shafin ba shi da tsaro. Wannan yana nufin duk bayanan da ka shigar za su iya faɗawa hannun wasu.
3. Neman Bayanai Masu Muhimmanci ba Bisa Ka’ida ba
Fake websites yawanci suna neman:
- password
- PIN
- OTP
- bayanan ATM
ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.
Ka sani: banki ko hukuma ta gaskiya ba ta neman irin waɗannan bayanai ta hanyar link ko website na bazata ba.
4. Rubutu Mai Cike da Kurakurai
Yawancin fake websites suna da:
- rubutu mara kyau
- kurakuran nahawu
- jumloli marasa tsari
Kamfanoni na gaskiya suna kula sosai da rubutu da tsari, don haka kurakurai masu yawa alama ce ta shakku.
5. Tsarin Shafi Mara Inganci
Fake website sau da yawa:
- ba shi da “About Us” mai ma’ana
- babu adireshi ko lambar tuntuɓa
- hotuna marasa inganci
Idan shafi bai bayyana waye ke bayansa ba, ka yi taka-tsantsan.
6. Sakon Gaggawa da Tsoratarwa
Masu fake website suna amfani da sakonni kamar:
- “Account ɗinka zai rufe yanzu”
- “Sabunta bayananka cikin minti 10”
Manufarsu ita ce su sa ka firgita ka yi abu ba tare da tunani ba.
7. Alkawari ko Talla Mai Wuce Gona da Iri
Ko da yake ba sa alkawarin kuɗi kai tsaye, fake websites suna amfani da:
- tallace-tallace masu jan hankali fiye da kima
- rangwame marasa ma’ana
Idan abu ya yi kyau fiye da yadda ya kamata, yana da kyau a yi shakku.
Illolin Shiga Fake Website
Shiga fake website na iya jawo matsaloli masu tsanani kamar:
- satar kuɗi
- satar account
- fallasa bayanan sirri
- shigar virus a waya/kwamfuta
Wasu lokuta ma mutum ba zai gano abin da ya faru ba sai bayan lokaci.
Yadda Zaka Kare Kanka Daga Fake Website
1. Duba URL da Kyau
Kafin ka shigar da wani bayani, ka tabbatar da adireshin website.
2. Kada Ka Danna Link Ba Tabbaci
Guji danna link daga:
- sakon WhatsApp
- SMS
- email da baka yarda da shi ba
3. Yi Amfani da Browser da Tsaro
Wasu browser suna faɗakarwa idan shafi ba shi da aminci.
4. Kada Ka Raba Bayanai Masu Muhimmanci
Ko da shafin ya yi kama da na gaskiya, ka yi shakku idan ana neman bayanai masu matuƙar muhimmanci.
5. Wayar da Kai ga Iyalai
Iyaye su faɗakar da:
- yara
- tsofaffi
domin su fi saurin faɗawa tarkon fake websites.
Rawar Ilimi da Cyber Awareness
Sanin alamomin fake website wani ɓangare ne na Cyber Awareness. Idan mutane sun samu ilimi:
- zamba zai ragu
- asarar kuɗi za ta ragu
- amincewa da intanet za ta ƙaru
Kammalawa
Fake websites babbar barazana ce a duniyar intanet, amma ana iya kauce musu da ilimi da hankali. Ba kowane website bane na gaskiya, kuma ba kowane link bane mai aminci.
Idan ka koya gane:
- alamomin fake website
- dabarun yaudara
za ka iya kare kanka, iyalanka, da kasuwancinka.
📌 Shawara
Kayi sharing wannan ilimi da:
- abokanka
- iyalanka
- al’ummarka
Domin ilimi kariya ne.
